Cylinder block encyclopedia

Structure brief introduction

The abbreviation of cylinder block, crankcase, is located between the cylinder head and oil bottom shell. It is the basic component that assembles all the engine mechanisms and systems into one, and is an important part of the engine block. It is also the heaviest and largest part of the engine.

structure

A cylinder with a cylindrical cavity on the upper part of the cylinder, which is the space for piston motion. The lower half is the crankcase supporting the crankshaft, and the crankshaft moves in its inner space. There are also many stiffeners, cooling water jackets and lubricating oil channels inside the cylinder block.

Cylinder block classification

The cylinder block is usually divided into the following three types according to the position of the cylinder block and the installation plane of the oil pan.

(1) Gantry cylinder block: characterized by the oil pan mounting plane below the crankshaft rotation center. Its advantages are that it has good strength and stiffness, and can withstand large mechanical loads, and its disadvantages are: poor workmanship, heavy structure and difficult processing.

(2) General cylinder block: its characteristic is that the oil pan mounting plane and the crankshaft rotating center are at the same height. Advantages: small height, light weight, compact structure, easy processing, easy to disassemble crankshaft; disadvantages: poor stiffness and strength.

(3) Tunnel cylinder block: the main bearing hole of the crankshaft of this kind of cylinder body is integral, the rolling cylinder moving bearing is adopted, the main bearing hole is larger, and the crankshaft is loaded from the back of the cylinder block. Advantages: compact structure, good stiffness and strength; disadvantages: high machining accuracy, poor processing, inconvenient crankshaft disassembly.

According to the different arrangement of cylinders, the cylinder block can be divided into three types: single row, V type and opposite type.

(1) single formula

Each cylinder of the engine is generally arranged vertically in a row. Advantages: simple structure, easy processing; disadvantage: larger length and height. Improvement: you can reduce the height of the engine by tilting it at an angle. Generally six-cylinder engines are mostly single-column.

(2) V-type

The V-engine means that the cylinder is arranged in two rows with an angle of less than 180 degrees. Advantages: compared with single-row engine, the length and height of the block are shortened, the stiffness of the cylinder block is increased, and the weight of the engine is reduced. Shortage: the width of the engine is enlarged, the shape becomes complex, the processing difficulty increases, generally the engine above 8 cylinders adopts this arrangement.

(3) Opposition

The cylinder is arranged in two rows on the same horizontal plane, the angle of the two centerline is equal to 180 degrees. Advantages: small height, convenient overall arrangement and easy air cooling. Generally will not be used, the utilization rate is low.

The maintenance of cylinder blocks is generally carried out by professionals. First of all, check the upper end of the cylinder, judge the cylinder wear, determine the maintenance size of the cylinder, and fill in the maintenance record sheet. Although the maintenance process and technology are more complicated and specialized, it is still necessary to master its basic knowledge. Let users know more about their own car, the appropriate time for testing and maintenance, preventive, safe driving.